|
The Seven Laws of Noah ((ヘブライ語:שבע מצוות בני נח) ''Sheva mitzvot B'nei Noach''), also referred to as the Noahide Laws or the Noachide Laws (from the English transliteration of the Hebrew pronunciation of "Noah"), are a set of imperatives that, according to the Talmud, were given by God〔According to Encyclopedia Talmudit (Hebrew edition, Israel, 5741/1981, Entry ''Ben Noah'', page 349), most medieval authorities consider that all seven commandments were given to Adam, although Maimonides (Mishneh Torah, Hilkhot M'lakhim 9:1) considers the dietary law to have been given to Noah.〕 as a binding set of laws for the "children of Noah" – that is, all of humanity.〔Encyclopedia Talmudit (Hebrew edition, Israel, 5741/1981, entry ''Ben Noah'', introduction) states that after the giving of the Torah, the Jewish people were no longer in the category of the sons of Noah; however, Maimonides (Mishneh Torah, Hilkhot M'lakhim 9:1) indicates that the seven laws are also part of the Torah, and the Talmud (Bavli, Sanhedrin 59a, see also Tosafot ad. loc.) states that Jews are obligated in all things that Gentiles are obligated in, albeit with some differences in the details.〕〔Compare .〕 Accordingly, any non-Jew who adheres to these laws because they were given by Moses is regarded as a ''righteous gentile'', and is assured of a place in the world to come ((ヘブライ語:עולם הבא) ''Olam Haba''), the final reward of the righteous.〔Mishneh Torah, Hilkhot M'lakhim 8:14〕〔Encyclopedia Talmudit (Hebrew edition, Israel, 5741/1981, entry ''Ben Noah'', end of article); note the variant reading of Maimonides and the references in the footnote〕 The seven Noahide laws as traditionally enumerated are:〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Seven Noachide Laws - Jewish Virtual Library )〕 # Do not deny God. # Do not blaspheme God. # Do not murder. # Do not engage in incest, adultery, pederasty or bestiality,〔"Laws, Noachian" in: Jewish Encyclopedia ()〕 as well as homosexual relations.〔Rambam, Hilkhot Melachim, 9:5 and in short Isurei Bi'ah, 14:10〕 # Do not steal. # Do not eat of a live animal. # Establish courts/legal system to ensure obedience to the law. According to the Talmud,〔 the rabbis agree that the seven laws were given to the sons of Noah. However, they disagree on precisely which laws were given to Adam and Eve. Six of the seven laws are exegetically derived from passages in Genesis,〔Rabbinical authorities disputed whether there was only one or several commandments given to Adam: see (56a/b )〕 with the seventh being the establishing of courts. ==Sources== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Seven Laws of Noah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|